A Meeting Marked by Urgency and Hope

President Abbas, often referred to as Abu Mazen, met with Pope Francis in a 30-minute private audience that underscored the shared aspiration for peace in one of the world’s most conflict-ridden regions. The conversation extended to the Vatican’s Secretariat of State, where Cardinal Pietro Parolin and Archbishop Paul Richard Gallagher joined discussions on the dire humanitarian crisis unfolding in Gaza.

According to a statement from the Vatican Press Office, the dialogue emphasized the urgency of a ceasefire and the liberation of hostages in Gaza. Both parties reiterated their condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and stressed the necessity of dialogue and diplomacy to achieve a two-state solution. Jerusalem, envisioned as a place of unity for Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, was highlighted as needing special international protection.

Gifts with Meaning

The exchange of gifts during the meeting was poignant. Alongside the icon of Saint Porphyrius—a 4th-century bishop who led the Christian community in Gaza—Abbas presented artworks commemorating Pope Francis’ 2014 visit to Bethlehem. These included a painting of the Pope at the separation wall and another portraying the Pope alongside Abbas. In return, Pope Francis gifted a bronze sculpture symbolizing fragile peace, inscribed with the words, “Peace is a fragile flower,” alongside volumes containing his annual Peace Day message and writings on the papal residence.

Abbas’ Vision for Peace

Following the audience, President Abbas described the encounter as “like meeting an old friend.” He expressed gratitude for the Pope’s consistent advocacy for Middle Eastern peace and support for Palestinian civilians. Abbas reaffirmed the critical importance of international recognition for a Palestinian state, reiterating that the two-state solution remains the only viable path to lasting peace.

Reflecting on past Vatican meetings, Abbas recalled the June 9, 2014 event where he, Pope Francis, and former Israeli President Shimon Peres planted an olive tree in the Vatican Gardens as a gesture of peace. “That moment remains etched in the memory of the Palestinian people,” Abbas remarked, underscoring its historical significance. 

A Call for Pilgrimage and Peace

As the Jubilee year approaches, Pope Francis and his counterparts expressed hopes for the return of pilgrims to the Holy Land, a region yearning for stability and reconciliation. This aspiration reflects a broader vision of fostering understanding among the world’s faiths and communities, with Jerusalem as a beacon of coexistence.

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Your Excellencies,

I am pleased to welcome you to the Vatican for the presentation of the Letters accrediting you as Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of your respective nations to the Holy See: India, Jordan, Denmark, Luxembourg, São Tomé and Principe, Rwanda, Turkmenistan, Algeria, Bangladesh, Zimbabwe and Kenya. I would ask you kindly to convey my respectful greetings to your Heads of State, together with the assurance of my prayers for them.

As you are well aware, you are embarking upon your new responsibilities at a critical time for international diplomacy. Our world is increasingly beset by problems that affect the entire human family and call for concerted action by all who are concerned for the future of our planet. I think of the continued devastating effects of climate change, which especially impact developing nations and the poorest members of society, the armed conflicts that cause untold suffering to so many of our brothers and sisters, and the plight of countless migrants and refugees fleeing their homelands in search of a better future for their families. Such issues have no simple solution, nor are they able to be resolved by the actions of one nation or a small group of states. Every country must have a voice in addressing these problems of international concern and formulating comprehensive and long-term solutions. In this regard, the patient work of diplomacy is of the utmost importance.

Amid difficulties, setbacks, the clash of arms and conflicting claims to be on the side of right, the international community cannot renounce its duty to seek peace by fostering dialogue, reconciliation, mutual understanding, respect for the dignity and rights of each individual and people, and for the demands of international law. By its presence in the international community, the Holy See, in accordance with its specific nature and mission, seeks to promote such dialogue in the service of the common good, without advancing political, commercial, or military goals. Through its “positive neutrality” – I did not say “neutrality”, but “positive neutrality” – the Holy See also strives to contribute to the resolution of conflicts and other questions by making clear their intrinsic ethical dimension.

History has shown that much progress can be made in resolving seemingly intractable situations through quiet, patient and persistent diplomatic efforts inspired by mutual respect, good will and moral conviction. I once heard it said that the work of a diplomat is like a minuet dance: small steps in order to achieve harmony. Indeed, many current global problems are longstanding, which rather than discouraging us should prompt us to look for new and innovative solutions. 

In these days, as the old year draws to a close and we await the dawn of a new year, we are invited to look to the future with hope, with a “desire and expectation of good things to come, despite our not knowing what the future may bring” (Bull of Indiction of the Ordinary Jubilee of the Year 2025 Spes Non Confundit, 1). On 24 December, I will inaugurate the Church’s Jubilee Year of 2025 by opening the Holy Door of Saint Peter’s Basilica. The principal message of the Jubilee is precisely that of hope. As the Church sets out on a pilgrimage of renewed hope in the power of the Risen Christ to renew all things (cf. Rev 21:5), I encourage the members of the diplomatic community accredited to the Holy See to continue working with courage and creativity in promoting bonds of friendship, cooperation and dialogue in the service of peace. Your work, often quiet and hidden, will help to plant the seeds of a future of hope for our war-weary world.

Dear Ambassadors, as you now begin your mission to the Apostolic See, I offer each of you my prayerful good wishes, and I assure you that the Secretariat of State and the other Dicasteries and Offices of the Roman Curia are ready to assist you in the fulfilment of your duties. Upon all of you, your loved ones, and the members of your staff, I invoke God’s abundant blessings. Thank you!

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Strengthening Diplomatic Ties

Blinken reportedly recalled his “wonderful memories” from his previous meeting with Pope Francis in June 2021, emphasizing the continuity of dialogue between Washington and the Holy See. This enduring relationship underscores shared concerns about global peace and justice, with both sides prioritizing diplomacy as a pathway to conflict resolution.

The meeting took place against the backdrop of a newly brokered ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon, a significant development in the volatile Middle East. Blinken also highlighted the importance of addressing the humanitarian toll of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a crisis that has displaced millions and strained international resources.

High-Level Vatican Discussions

In addition to his audience with the Pope, Blinken engaged in detailed discussions with Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the Vatican’s Secretary of State, and Archbishop Paul Gallagher, Secretary for Relations with States. Their conversations delved deeper into practical measures to promote peace in Ukraine and strengthen international humanitarian efforts.

The Vatican, with its historical role as a moral and diplomatic intermediary, continues to be a pivotal player in fostering dialogue in regions plagued by war and instability. Blinken’s visit reaffirmed the United States’ appreciation for the Vatican’s contributions to global peace initiatives.

The G7 Context: A Broader Diplomatic Mission

Blinken’s Vatican stop came amid the G7 Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in Italy, where major democracies tackled pressing global challenges. From November 23 to 27, leaders focused on the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, Indo-Pacific security, and ongoing crises in Haiti and Sudan.

The G7, chaired by Italy this year, reiterated its unwavering support for Ukraine, including sustained sanctions on Russia. The group’s unified stance underlines its broader commitment to upholding democratic values and international stability.

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A Global Gathering for Peace

The commemorative Mass, organized by Ukraine’s Embassy to the Holy See, united voices of faith and diplomacy. Presided over by Cardinal Matteo Zuppi, the Pope’s special envoy for peace in Ukraine, the service emphasized unity and the pursuit of justice. Cardinal Zuppi, a tireless advocate for peace, used the occasion to reflect on the spiritual and moral imperative of ending the war.

Дякую колежанкам – першій леді Литви Діані Наусєдєне, Сербії – Тамарі Вучіч і Вірменії – Анні Акопян, – які на моє запрошення приєдналися до загальної аудієнції, що відбувається на площі Святого Петра щосереди. Свою участь присвячую 1000-му дню повномасштабного вторгнення, про що… pic.twitter.com/b8iXwBDjHN

— Olena Zelenska / Олена Зеленська (@ZelenskaUA) November 20, 2024

In her address, delivered in Ukrainian, Zelenska spoke from the heart: “Today, our hearts ache for daily losses, yet they remain full of faith—faith in the victory of good over evil.” Her words resonated deeply, echoing the shared pain of millions affected by the conflict.

A Meeting with the Pope

Earlier that day, Zelenska met privately with Pope Francis, whose unwavering support for Ukraine has been a beacon of hope during the war. The Pope, who publicly denounced the conflict as “a disgraceful catastrophe for humanity” during his general audience that morning, offered both spiritual solace and tangible solidarity.

In her remarks, Zelenska acknowledged his efforts: “In the Pope’s words, we find the strength to be even stronger.” She also praised Cardinal Zuppi’s humanitarian diplomacy, which has sought to bring Ukrainian prisoners, clergy, and abducted children back home.

A Legacy of Care at Bambino Gesù

Zelenska’s day in Rome also included a visit to the Vatican’s Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, where she met with Ukrainian children receiving care. Since the war began, the hospital has treated childs Ukrainians and their families, embodying the spirit of compassion amid crisis.

Bearing gifts and words of gratitude, the First Lady highlighted the institution’s role in healing not just bodies, but spirits, as Ukraine’s youngest citizens navigate the trauma of war.

“We Will Not Leave You Alone”

The emotional weight of the day culminated in the Mass, where Ukrainian Ambassador to the Holy See, Andrii Yurash, underscored the significance of shared values between Ukraine and the Vatican.

“No leader or spiritual authority has spoken of Ukraine more often during these tragic 1,000 days than Pope Francis,” Yurash declared. He expressed hope for a future grounded in faith, justice, and freedom—a vision mirrored by Cardinal Zuppi in his homily.

Особлива меса в римській базиліці Санта-Марія-ін-Трастевере, присвячена 1000-му дню українського протистояння російському повномасштабному вторгненню. Вдячна за її проведення Маттео Дзуппі – спецпредставнику Папи Римського Франциска з питань повернення дітей і полонених. Дякую… pic.twitter.com/kVN51J88iC

— Olena Zelenska / Олена Зеленська (@ZelenskaUA) November 20, 2024

“Peace is never weakness,” Zuppi stated. “It is strength, especially when anchored in a credible and enduring framework.” He closed with a powerful commitment: “We will not leave you alone.”

A Testament to Resilience

Zelenska’s presence in Rome symbolized Ukraine’s enduring resolve and its reliance on faith and global solidarity. As she walked through the halls of the Vatican, visited Ukrainian cultural landmarks, and stood before the faithful in Santa Maria in Trastevere, her message was clear: Ukraine’s struggle is not just a battle for territory, but a fight for humanity’s higher ideals.

As the world reflects on the thousand days since the invasion began, her words serve as both a lament and a rallying cry: “Ukraine seeks a just and lasting peace—one that ensures no child is forgotten, no family is abandoned, and no hope is extinguished.”

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The Weight of Conflict

Archbishop Caccia began by unequivocally condemning the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack by Hamas against Israeli civilians, while simultaneously emphasizing the plight of Palestinians facing an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe. In his remarks, he drew attention to the immense loss of life, the displacement of families, and the critical lack of access to basic necessities such as food, shelter, and medical care in Gaza.

“The prolonged conflict has caused immeasurable suffering, with thousands of lives lost, including many children,” he stated. “Entire families are being forced from their homes, creating a dire need for humanitarian aid and international solidarity.”

He further underscored the ripple effects of the crisis on neighboring regions, particularly Lebanon, a nation already grappling with its own political and economic struggles.

A Call for Humanitarian Integrity

Central to the Archbishop’s address was an appeal for the protection of civilians and adherence to international humanitarian law. He stressed the importance of ensuring the delivery of humanitarian aid and safeguarding civilian infrastructure, including medical facilities, schools, and places of worship.

“Respect for human dignity and the sanctity of civilian life must guide all actions in times of conflict,” Caccia urged.

Support for UNRWA and Its Mission

In light of the ongoing crisis, Archbishop Caccia emphasized the critical role of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Providing vital services to over five million Palestinian refugees, UNRWA’s mission, he argued, is indispensable in alleviating suffering across Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan.

However, he called for vigilance in ensuring the agency remains politically neutral and effective in its operations, warning against any efforts to undermine its mandate. “Weakening UNRWA’s ability to operate not only deprives vulnerable populations of essential support but risks eroding the broader framework of international law,” he cautioned.

The Path to Peace

Reiterating the Vatican’s unwavering support for a two-state solution, the Archbishop called for renewed efforts to establish lasting peace in the region. Quoting Pope Francis, he emphasized the need for Jerusalem to become a city of unity and mutual respect among Christians, Jews, and Muslims, protected by an internationally guaranteed status.

“True peace can only emerge when the walls of enmity and hatred are dismantled,” Caccia concluded, urging all nations to prioritize dialogue over violence.

Global Responsibility

The Archbishop’s address comes as the international community faces mounting pressure to respond to the deteriorating situation in Gaza. His words serve as both a moral challenge and a reminder that achieving peace requires not just an end to violence but a commitment to justice, dignity, and solidarity.

As the Holy See continues to advocate for the vulnerable and displaced, the global community is called to uphold the principles of humanity and compassion in one of the world’s most protracted conflicts.

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A Controversial Passage

In the book, Francis reflects on contemporary global conflicts, including the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. While addressing broader themes of displacement and solidarity, he states:

“According to some experts, what is happening in Gaza bears the characteristics of a genocide. This must be examined closely to determine if it aligns with the technical definition established by international law.”

This statement, now making headlines worldwide, has prompted polarized reactions. It follows his acknowledgment of dire conditions in Gaza, where 2.3 million Palestinians face limited access to essential resources such as food, water, and medical care.

Criticism and Defense

The remarks were swiftly condemned by Israel’s ambassador to the Holy See and the Combat Antisemitism Movement (CAM), who accused the Pope of inflammatory rhetoric. Critics argue that his words could exacerbate tensions in an already volatile situation.

However, proponents of the Pope’s position highlight a recent United Nations committee report that alleged Israel’s policies in Gaza may align with the characteristics of genocide. The report accuses Israel of using hunger as a weapon of war and enacting discriminatory practices in violation of international law.  

The Role of the Vatican

The Vatican has yet to officially comment on the inclusion of the controversial passage in the book. Published under the supervision of journalist Hernán Reyes Alcaide, the volume spans topics such as migration, climate change, technology, and peace. The process by which the Gaza-related remarks were included remains unclear, raising questions about whether they reflect official Vatican policy.

A Larger Context of Justice and Peace

This is not the first time Pope Francis has addressed Middle Eastern conflicts with a call for justice and humanitarian concern. In the book, he praises nations like Jordan and Lebanon for their openness to refugees and highlights the moral imperative of solidarity in the face of suffering.

The Pope’s emphasis on the need for investigation rather than outright condemnation aligns with his broader vision of reconciliation and accountability. Still, the diplomatic fallout underscores the complexities of addressing contentious geopolitical issues from a spiritual and moral platform.

Looking Ahead

The Pope’s remarks coincide with ongoing international scrutiny of Gaza’s humanitarian crisis and a broader reckoning over the interpretation of genocide under international law. Whether his words will galvanize action or deepen divides remains to be seen.

Meanwhile, the Vatican’s silence on the matter leaves space for interpretation, fueling both hope and controversy as global leaders grapple with the implications of Francis’s provocative statement.

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The agreement, which refers to the Document on Human Fraternity (4 February 2019), the encyclical  Fratelli tutti (3 October 2020), and the visit of His Holiness Pope Francis to Bahrain (3-6 November 2022),  aims to strengthen the relations between the Vatican and the Kingdom of Bahrain, with the goal of  establishing and fostering a mutually beneficial cultural and scientific collaboration.

On behalf of His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Dr. Majed bin Ali Alnoaimi, Bahrain’s Minister of  Public Affairs, will sign the cooperation agreement with H.E. Mons. Angelo Vincenzo Zani, Archivist and  Librarian of the Holy Roman Church. The agreement will focus on supporting the design and  implementation of an innovative module to be used during conservation work, the cataloging and  preservation of Arabic cultural heritage held at the Vatican Apostolic Library, and the organization of joint  projects aimed at promoting and disseminating this precious cultural heritage that the Library preserves.

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France’s Foreign Minister, Jean-Noel Barrot, had been set to visit the church complex—known as Eleona in French—but abruptly canceled after learning of the police intrusion, calling it “unacceptable.” France’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded swiftly, declaring it would summon Israel’s ambassador to address what it described as a violation of diplomatic protocol.

The incident has added strain to an already tense relationship between France and Israel. French officials reported that Israeli authorities had been instructed not to enter the property before Barrot’s arrival, a directive that was disregarded. Witnesses on the scene described an altercation between the plain-clothed French gendarmes and Israeli security. According to reports, Israeli police pushed one gendarme to the ground as he attempted to identify himself, repeatedly shouting, “Do not touch me,” before being escorted to a police vehicle. Both gendarmes were released shortly after their identities were confirmed, but the disturbance left a sour note, with Barrot expressing concerns outside the church grounds.

Barrot’s diplomatic visit, which was intended to foster closer relations, has been overshadowed by the altercation. “This violation of a site under French stewardship risks undermining the diplomatic ties I came here to strengthen,” Barrot told reporters, visibly unsettled. France has long viewed its four church properties in Jerusalem as extensions of French sovereignty, and any breach of these sanctuaries is considered a serious matter.

The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs argued that the police intervention was a matter of security protocol, claiming that the French officers failed to identify themselves and attempted to obstruct the Shin Bet security personnel. However, French diplomats have rejected this version of events, alleging “false accusations” from Israeli authorities. Images released by AFP show Israeli officers cautioning the French security team to display identification in the future, with one of the gendarmes responding that the officers already knew of his diplomatic status.

The recent incident is not an isolated case. Tensions have flared in the past regarding French-administered properties in Jerusalem, often amid larger geopolitical disputes. In 2020, President Emmanuel Macron forcefully demanded that Israeli guards exit the French-controlled Church of Saint Anne. And back in 1996, President Jacques Chirac publicly scolded Israeli security for what he deemed “provocative” behavior during his visit.

Adding to this current diplomatic standoff, relations between France and Israel have deteriorated over France’s stance on arms exports to Israel. French President Emmanuel Macron recently advocated ending supplies of offensive weapons used in Gaza, citing humanitarian concerns. France has also signaled its disapproval of Israeli military actions in both Gaza and Lebanon, and, earlier this year, attempted to limit Israeli arms firms from showcasing their wares at a defense expo in Paris.

Barrot’s visit was initially planned to include talks on regional stability and peace-building efforts, especially in the wake of the recent U.S. elections. However, this latest incident is seen by some analysts as a setback for diplomatic engagement, raising questions about the potential for de-escalation in a highly polarized region.

As diplomatic channels remain open, Paris and Tel Aviv are under mounting pressure to address the incident, with France urging respect for its properties and Israel emphasizing security concerns. This complex situation continues to unfold, adding another chapter to the long history of tension surrounding foreign-administered sites in Jerusalem.

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Reflecting on Pope Paul VI’s appeal, Caccia noted, «Nearly sixty years later, as the world continues to grapple with armed conflicts and military ambitions, these words still stand as a poignant warning to all nations.» Emphasizing the collective responsibility enshrined in space treaties, he urged states to focus advancements in satellite technology and outer-space capabilities strictly on civilian use.

Highlighting the dangers posed by anti-satellite (ASAT) weaponry, Caccia pointed to their origins during the Cold War when both the United States and the Soviet Union conducted tests intended to disable satellites in Earth’s orbit. While the U.S. enacted a moratorium on ASAT testing in 2022, recent tests by China and Russia underscore the pressing need for international measures to curb weaponization in space.

The Holy See’s representative stressed the concerning lack of consensus within the international community regarding a universal ban on space-based weaponry. He argued that the UN’s Conference on Disarmament, set to take place in Italy this year, could serve as a pivotal forum to address these mounting threats. Monsignor Caccia highlighted that the principles guiding nuclear non-proliferation must also be extended to prevent an arms race in space—a development that could endanger the global peace and security framework.

Closing his statement, Caccia called on all UN member states to respect the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which mandates that “the Moon and other celestial bodies shall be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.” The Vatican’s message aligns with a growing international movement urging cooperative use of space for the benefit of all, even as geopolitical tensions bring militarization closer to the final frontier.

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Parolin expressed the Vatican’s desire that Trump «acts as a unifier» for an increasingly polarized America, aligning with the biblical principle that wisdom is the essential virtue for rulers. «He has a critical responsibility,» Parolin stated, «to be president of all Americans and to heal the divisions that are painfully clear.» In the same breath, he urged Trump to bring a stabilizing influence to the international stage, advocating for peace in regions troubled by war and conflict.

A Pragmatic Approach to Ending Wars

On Trump’s campaign promises to end wars, Parolin took a cautiously optimistic stance. Trump had vowed to end, not start, wars, which he reiterated after his victory in Palm Beach. Parolin acknowledged this ambition but added a dose of realism. “Ending wars requires humility, a steadfast will, and a focus on the common good over personal or national interests. It is a challenging road that cannot be walked alone,” he said.

Parolin recognized the need for a concrete approach to conflict resolution, particularly for regions like Ukraine and Palestine, where anxieties linger. «Many questions remain, especially for those fearing that peace may come at their expense. Only time will tell if Trump’s strategy can address these complexities.»

Vatican’s Plea for Humane Immigration Policy

The Cardinal also addressed Trump’s stance on immigration, particularly his pledge to deport illegal immigrants. Parolin emphasized that the Vatican’s approach to migration is clear and rooted in compassion. «Our position, in alignment with the Pope’s directives, advocates for a balanced policy—one that addresses the needs of migrants without resorting to drastic measures. We believe in a humane approach that respects dignity.»

Parolin underscored that effective migration policy is crucial for justice and stability. He reiterated the Pope’s message that any successful solution must be grounded in empathy and thoughtful management, fostering integration rather than alienation.

Building Consensus on Life Issues

Parolin acknowledged that Trump’s presidency might also present areas of shared values, especially on issues related to life and abortion. While Trump’s commitment to pro-life policies aligns with some Catholic teachings, Parolin urged a collaborative approach. «Advocacy for life should not become another divisive topic,» he said. «We hope it can instead gather broad support and transcend polarization.»

Stable Vatican-U.S. Relations and Ongoing Dialogue with China

Looking ahead, Parolin expressed optimism for continued Vatican-U.S. relations, pointing to past interactions with Trump’s previous administration as a model for constructive dialogue. «There will be issues where we align and others where we diverge. The goal is to find common ground for the good of all.»

Parolin also addressed questions about the Vatican’s relationship with China, which continues under a renewed agreement on bishop appointments. While former U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo had criticized the arrangement, Parolin affirmed that the Vatican’s engagement with China remains «ecclesial, not political,» and driven by the goal of building trust step by step.

This commitment to diplomacy, Parolin stressed, remains central to the Vatican’s global mission, focused not on power but on building bridges that benefit people on all sides. With Trump’s new term set to begin, the Vatican looks toward a future of collaboration, grounded in shared values, respect, and a drive for peace.

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