ROME, MARCH 7, 2011 (Zenit.org).- Here is a translation of the homily that Benedict XVI delivered Friday at a celebration of lectio divina with the Major Roman Seminary. In keeping with an annual tradition, the Holy Father visited on the feast of the seminary’s patron, Our Lady of Trust.
The following address reflects on the Letter of St. Paul to the Ephesians.
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Dear brothers and sisters!
I am very happy to be here at least once a year with my seminarians, with the young men who are on the path toward the priesthood and will be the future presbyterate of Rome. I am happy that this event occurs every year on the day of the Madonna della Fiducia (Our Lady of Trust), of the Mother who accompanies us with her love every day and gives us the confidence to go forward to Christ.
The theme that guides your formation this year is «In the Unity of the Spirit.» It is an expression that is fond precisely in the passage of the Letter to the Ephesians that has been read to us, where St. Paul exhorts the members of the community to «preserve the unity of the spirit» (4:3). This text opens the second part of the Letter to the Ephesians — the so-called parenetic or exhortative part — and begins with the word «parakalo,» «I exhort you.» But it is the same word that is also at the end, «Paraklitos»; so it is an exhortation in the light, in the power of the Holy Spirit.
The Apostle’s exhortation bases itself on the mystery of faith, which he presented in the first three chapters. In fact, our passage begins with the word «therefore.» «I therefore … exhort you …» (4:1). The conduct of Christians is the consequence of the gift, the realization of how much we are given every day. And, nevertheless, if it is only the realization of the gift given to us, it is not an automatic effect, because with God we are always in the reality of freedom and thus — because the response, and even the realization of the gift is freedom — the Apostle must remind [his readers] of this; he cannot take it for granted. Baptism, we know, does not automatically produce a coherent life: this is the fruit of the will and the persevering commitment to work with the gift, with the Grace received. And this commitment has a cost: there is a price to be paid in person. Perhaps this is why St. Paul makes a reference in this exact place to his present condition: «I therefore, a prisoner for the Lord, exhort you …» (4:1). Following Christ means sharing his Passion, his cross, follow him to the end, and this participation in the Master’s fate binds one fast to him and it reinforces the authoritativeness of the Apostle’s exhortation.
Now we enter into the heart of our meditation, encountering a word that strikes us in a particular way: the word «call,» or «vocation.» St. Paul writes: «conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the vocation to which you have been called» (4:1). And he will repeat it shortly afterward, affirming that «there is a single hope to which you have been called, that of your vocation» (4:4).
Here in this case St. Paul is talking about the vocation common to all Christians, namely, the baptismal vocation: the call to be of Christ and to live in him, in his body. Within this word an experience is written, there resounds the echo of the experience of the first disciples, the one we know from the Gospels: when Christ walked along the shore of the Sea of Galilee and called Simon and Andrew, then James and John (cf. Mark 1:16-20). And earlier still at the River Jordan, after the baptism, when, seeing that Andrew and the other disciple were following him, said to them: «Come and see» (John 1:39). The Christian life begins with a call and always remains a response, to the very end. And this is so in the spheres of both belief and action: Christians respond to their vocation through both faith and behavior.
I spoke about the call of the first apostles, but with the word «call» we think above all of the Mother of every call, of Mary Most Holy, the chosen one, the one called par excellence. The depiction of the Annunciation to Mary represents much more than that particular Gospel episode, however fundamental: it contains the whole mystery of Mary, her entire history, her being; and at the same time it speaks of the Church, of the essence that is always hers; as of every individual believer in Christ, of every Christian soul who is called.
At this point we must remember that we are not speaking of people of the past. God, the Lord, has called each of us, he has called each one by name. God is so great that he has time for each one of us, he knows me, he knows each of us by name, personally. It is a personal call for each of us. I think that we must meditate on this mystery often: God, the Lord, called me, calls me, knows me, awaits my response as he awaited Mary’s response, as he awaited the response of the Apostles. God calls me: this fact should make us attentive to God’s voice, attentive to his words, to his call for me, to realize this part of salvation history for which he has called me. In this text, then, St. Paul indicates to us a concrete element of this response with four words: «humility,» «meekness,» «magnanimity,» «being patient with one another in love.» Perhaps we can meditate on these words in which the Christian journey is expressed. We will return in the end, once more, to this.
«Humility»: the Greek word is «tapeinophrosyne,» the same word that St. Paul uses in the Letter to the Philippians when he speaks of the Lord, who was God and humbled himself, made himself «tapeinos,» and descended to the point of making himself a creature, to the point of making himself man, to the point of obedience on the cross (cf. Philippians 2:7-8). So, humility is not just any word, just any modesty, but a Christological word. Imitating the God who comes down to me, who is so great that he becomes my friend, suffers for me, and dies for me. This is a humility to learn, the humility of God. It means that we must always see ourselves in the light of God; thus, at the same time we can know the greatness of being a person loved by God, but also our littleness, our poverty, and this is the right way to conduct ourselves, not as masters, but as servants. As St. Paul says: «We do not intend to be the masters of your faith; we are instead helpers of your joy» (2 Corinthians 1:24). Being a priest implies this humility, more so than being a Christian does.
«Meekness»: in the Greek text is the word «prautes,» the same word that appears in the beatitudes: «Blessed are the meek for the earth shall be theirs» (Matthew 5:5). And in the Book of Numbers, the fourth book of Moses, we find the statement that Moses was the most meek man in the world (cf. 12:3), and, in this sense, he was a pre-figuration of Christ, of Jesus, who says of himself: «I am meek and humble of heart» (Matthew 11:29). This word too, «meekness,» «sweetness,» is a Christological word and again implies this imitation of Christ. Because in baptism we are conformed to Christ, we must therefore conform to Christ, find this spirit of being meek, without violence, of convincing with love and with goodness.
«Magnanimity,» «makrothymia» means generosity of heart, not to be minimalists who give what is strictly necessary: Let us give everything we posses, and we will also grow in magnanimity.
«Being patient with one another in love»: Supporting one another in our own otherness is a daily task, and especially when we support each other with humility, learning to truly love.
And now we take a step forward. After this word of the call, the ecclesial dimension follows. We have now spoken of vocation as a very personal call: God calls me. He knows me, He awaits my personal response. But, at the same time, God’s call is a community call, it is an ecclesial call, God calls us in a community. It is true that in this passage on which we are meditating, the word «ekklesia» — «Church» — is not there, but the reality appears that much more. St. Paul speaks of a spirit and
a body. The spirit creates the body and unites us in one body. And then he speaks of unity, he speaks of the chain of being, of the bond of peace. And with this word he refers to the word «prisoner» from the beginning: it is always the same word, «I am in chains,» «chains will fasten you.» But behind this is the great invisible, liberating chain of love.
We are in this bond of peace which is the Church, she is the great bond that unites us to Christ. Perhaps we should also meditate personally on this point: We are called personally, but we are called in a body. And this is not something abstract, but very real.
At this moment, the seminary is the body in which a being is realized concretely in a common path. Then there will be the parish: to accept, to support, to encourage the entire parish, the people, those who are likable and those who are not likable, to insert oneself in this body.
Body: the Church is body, hence it has a structure, and also really has a right and at times it is not so simple to insert oneself. Of course, we want our personal relationship with God, but the body itself does not please us. But precisely in this way we are in communion with Christ: accepting this corporeity of his Church, of the Spirit, who incarnates Himself in the body.
And on the other hand, often perhaps we feel the problem, the difficulty of this community, beginning with the concrete community of the seminary and ending with the great community of the Church, with its institutions. We must also keep present that it is very beautiful to be in company, to walk in a great company of all the centuries, to have friends in Heaven and on earth, and to feel the beauty of this body, to be happy that the Lord has called us in one body and has given us friends in all parts of the world.
I said that the word «ekklesia» is not here, but the word «body» is, the word «Spirit,» the word «bond» and seven times, in this short passage, the word «one» returns. Thus we see how the Apostle has at heart the unity of the Church. And he ends with a «scale of unity,» up to Unity: God is One, the God of all, God is One and God’s unicity is expressed in our communion, because God is the Father, the Creator of us all and that is why we are all brothers, we are all one body and the unity of God is the condition, it is also the creation of human fraternity of peace. Hence, let us meditate also on this mystery of unity and the importance of seeking unity always in communion with the one Christ, the one God.
Now we can take a further step forward. If we ask ourselves what is the profound meaning of this use of the word «call,» we see that it is one of the doors that opens to the Trinitarian mystery. Up to now we have spoken of the mystery of the Church, of the one God, but the Trinitarian mystery also appears. Jesus is the Mediator of the Father’s call which comes in the Holy Spirit. The Christian vocation cannot but have a Trinitarian form, whether at the level of the individual person or at the level of ecclesial community. The mystery of the Church is altogether animated by the dynamism of the Holy Spirit, which is a vocational dynamism in a wide and everlasting sense, beginning with Abraham, who first heard the call of God and responded with faith and action (cf. Genesis 12:1-3); to the «here I am» of Mary, perfect reflection of that of the Son of God, at the moment that she receives from the Father the call to come into the world (cf. Hebrews 10:5-7).
Thus, in the «heart» of the Church — as St. Therese of the Child Jesus would say — the call of every individual Christian is Trinitarian mystery: the mystery of the encounter with Jesus, with the Word made flesh, through which God the Father calls us to communion with himself and because of this wishes to give his Holy Spirit, and it is precisely thanks to the Spirit that we can respond to Jesus and to the Father in an authentic way, within a real, filial relationship. Without the breath of the Holy Spirit the Christian vocation can simply not be explained, it loses its vital lymph.
And, finally, the last passage. The form of unity according to what the Spirit asks, as I said, the imitation of Jesus, conformity to him in the concreteness of his behavior. The Apostle writes, as we meditated: «with all lowliness and meekness, with patience, forbearing one another in love,» and then he adds that the unity of the Spirit is maintained «in the bond of peace» (Ephesians 4:2-3).
The unity of the Church is not given by a «stamp» imposed from outside, but is the fruit of concord, of a common commitment to behave like Jesus, in the strength of his Spirit. There is a comment of St. John Chrysostom on this passage that is very beautiful. Chrysostom comments on the image of the «bond,» the «bond of peace,» and he says: «[t]his bond is beautiful, with which we are bound together with one another and with God. It is not a chain that wounds. It does not give cramps to the hands, it leaves them free, it gives them ample space and greater courage» (Homily on the Epistle to the Ephesians 9, 4, 1-3). Here we find the evangelical paradox: Christian love is a bond, as I said, it refers us to the situation of St. Paul, who is «prisoner,» who is «in chains.» The Apostle is in chains because of the Lord, as Jesus himself, who made himself a slave to free us.
To preserve the unity of the Spirit one must stamp one’s behavior with that humility, gentleness and magnanimity that Jesus gave in his Passion; one must have one’s hands and heart bound by the bond of love that he himself accepted for us, making himself our slave. This is the «bond of peace.» And St. John Chrysostom says in the same commentary: «Be bound to your brothers, those thus bound together in love bear everything with ease. Thus he wishes us to be bound to one another, not only to be in peace, not only to be friends, but for us all to be one, ‘one soul'» (Ibid.).
The Pauline text, some elements on which we meditated, is very rich. I have been able to give you only some ideas, which I entrust to you for meditation. And we pray to the Virgin Mary, Our Lady of Trust, to help us walk with joy in the unity of the Spirit. Thank you!
[Translation by ZENIT]
