| Anti-Christian pressure is rising most rapidly in South and Southeast Asia, according to the annual Open Doors World Watch List, released today. The rise of the Bharatiya Janata Party to power in India has unleashed a religiously motivated nationalist fervor, according to Open Doors researchers responsible for compiling the World Watch List. This index ranks the 50 countries where approximately 215 million Christians experience high levels of persecution due to their identification with Christ. Of the six countries whose underlying scores rose most sharply during the past year, five are in South and Southeast Asia: India, Bangladesh, Laos, Bhutan and Vietnam. Another country in the region, Sri Lanka, is a newcomer to the list for 2017. Another, Hindu-majority Nepal, did not make the list this year but trends indicate it could join the top 50 in 2018. “A stand-out trend is that religious nationalism is driving the Asian countries up the list. It’s a long-term trend, it’s been gathering pace since the 1990s when nobody bothered to notice it. But this year, I think it’s really come into its own,” said Dr. Ron Boyd-MacMillan, Director for Strategic Research at Open Doors International. “It is most visible in India. India is at its highest position on the World Watch List ever. The Hindu extremists are really in power, and a mob can do what they like in India, and it’s a large church so there are a lot of incidents.” Since the Hindu nationalist BJP won national elections in 2014, the pace of anti-Christian violence has accelerated in the country’s north, where Open Doors estimates as many as 40 million Christians are caught up in the “squeeze” of discrimination and the “smash” of Hindu militants. Although India is officially secular, the BJP and Modi held aloft a vision of economic revival and Hindu purity that filled a vacuum left when voters swept away the ineffective, corrupt government of the Indian National Congress Party. “Insecure governments of neighboring countries, themselves majority-Hindu and -Buddhist, have found that appeals to national religious identity are a potent formula to boost their own position of power, especially in rural regions”, Boyd-MacMillan added. |
| THE TOP 10 |
| North Korea again ranks No. 1 on the list. Though it is not the most violent country on the list, Open Doors rates Pyongyang’s dictatorial regime as unmatched in its hostility to religion. Believers are entirely underground and largely disconnected, risking a life of hard labor and death not only for themselves but for their families too, if discovered. Only one country is new to the top 10 in 2017: Yemen, which ranks 9th after ranking 11th a year earlier. Yemen has been wracked by violence since predominantly Shia Houthi rebels attacked the capital in 2014, prompting the Wahhabist Saudi Arabian government to lead a multi-national bombing campaign, effectively turning Yemen into a proxy civil war between Saudi Arabia and Iran. “Caught in the middle”, Boyd-MacMillan said, “are indigenous Christians, mostly former Muslims who have converted.” “Conversion to another religion is punishable by death. Christians have been actively targeted and killed by militant Sunni Muslims. The war has caused a shift and a sharp rise in persecution, the perpetrators are now mostly the Islamic extremists,” he said. “The Shia, under the Houthi tribe, are also very intolerant if the religious identity of local Christians is known. So the Christians, if their conversion is known, in this country are getting it from different ends, including IS and al-Qaeda; it doesn’t matter who’s in charge.” Also within the top 10, Somalia moved up 4 places to No. 2, and now is just a single point behind North Korea. Though there may be only a few hundred Christian believers in the entire country of 10 million people, the intensely tribal character of Somali society means any Muslim who converts to Christianity is immediately detected and is enough to get you killed. Somalia is one of only two countries other than North Korea to have been ranked No. 1 on the World Watch List over the years. Overall, the top 10 has been stable. Nine of the top 10 on the 2017 list also were among the top 10 on the previous year’s list. Somalia (2), Afghanistan (3), Pakistan (4), Sudan (5), and Iran (8) each rose in the rankings. Syria (6) and Iraq (7) each dropped. In Iraq and Syria there were fewer reported violent incidents as most Christians have fled from IS held areas, but pressure on Christians is still very high. Yemen’s arrival among the top 10 displaced only Libya, which now is No. 11. OTHER TRENDS AMONG THE TOP 50 |
| The average score for all 50 countries on the 2017 World Watch List increased slightly compared to 2016. Nearly a quarter of that increase is attributable to eight Middle-East and Northern Africa countries – Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, Qatar, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates. “You’ve got these polarized governments, either they’re getting more radical or they’re getting more dictatorial,” Boyd-MacMillan said. “Countries like Egypt, Jordan and Algeria – these are countries that are really cracking down on extremists.” Extremism has a freer hand in sub-Saharan Africa, where Islamic militancy is going mainstream. Financial support from outside the region, is flowing to local Islamic politicians and schools, among other elements of society, even in Kenya, the largest Christian-majority country on the World Watch List top 20. |
| ABOUT THE WORLD WATCH LIST |
| Open Doors is a ministry that has served Christians persecuted for their belief in Christ for over 60 years. It was founded by Brother Andrew, a Dutch missionary who began his ministry by smuggling Bibles behind the Iron Curtain. Today Open Doors provides spiritual and material support to persecuted Christians in dozens of countries and has development affiliates in over 20 countries. The annual ranking of 50 countries on the World Watch List is the product of year-round research conducted by the World Watch Research unit of Open Doors. Researchers survey key contacts in various countries, and those contacts in turn survey their own networks, on the state of religious freedom for Christians in five areas of life: private, family, community, national, and within the church. These five areas comprise the “squeeze” element of persecution – the daily pressure of official discrimination, hostile attitudes, and family rejection. Separately, the team measures violence against Christians. This is the “smash” element of persecution, one that often commands headlines but which rarely is the most dominant reality of Christians who live in World Watch List countries. For each country surveyed, scores for each of the six categories are combined to create a total score. The scores determine the country’s ranking on the World Watch List. The 2017 World Watch List accounts for the 12 months ending 31 October 2016. The methods for arriving at country scores and their transnational comparison have been independently audited by the International Institute for Religious Freedom and their proper application checked on some sample countries. Additional statements and interpretations by Open Doors based on or associated with the publication of the WWL list remain outside the scope of this audit. |
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