ROME, JUNE 13, 2005 (Zenit.org).- Does the rejection by French and Dutch voters of the European Constitutional Treaty represent a rejection of Europe or of the policies pursued by the Union?
In this interview with ZENIT, Mario Mauro, vice president of the European Parliament, analyzes this question.
Q: After France, the popular vote in the Netherlands also rejected Europe’s Constitutional Treaty. In your opinion, what are the reasons for this opposition?
Mauro: The victory of the «no» in France demonstrates how one cannot take for granted that a Constitution that doesn’t say anything must without a doubt find an easier consensus in respect of a text that has more committed and profound political meanings.
The French and Dutch, in fact, have rejected an empty Constitutional Treaty, in which no ideal is expressed, no political plan and no proposal for the future.
It was a «no» against the reduction of the Europe, designed by Robert Schuman, Alcide De Gasperi and Konrad Adenauer, to a bureaucratic apparatus that is not very transparent and at the service of lobbies.
Nevertheless, the vote expressed by the French people must not be regarded as a triumph. In it is hidden a sign that should attract the attention of those who want the good of Europe.
Those who voted «no» in fact would like a Constitution which in many aspects would be worse than the one signed in Rome in November 2004.
French and Dutch citizens, worried about unemployment, expressed their disagreement with an EU incapable of drawing Europe out of economic stagnation and decline.
In this connection, I consider it plausible to interpret this «no» as a response to the welfare cuts requested several times by Brussels. But how much longer will welfare last in Europe based on an economic system in collapse?
The French and Dutch referendums rejected a Europe unable to influence international politics. The rejection of the principle of war evidences in fact the European incapacity to manage the Balkans’ crisis and, since then, to have a compact presence in the different international crises. Beyond a widespread anti-Americanism, how much do the French and Dutch want a Europe that is really capable of intervening in international crises?
Q: How much of this opposition to the Constitutional Treaty coincides with the criticisms Popes John Paul II and Benedict XVI have expressed, given the moral and religious relativism that pursues utopias without God and against the family?
Mauro: Going back to the previous question, I have wondered if the French and Dutch expressed, through their vote, disagreement with the lack of recognition of the Christian roots in the European Constitution. The answer I have reached is, sadly, negative.
Nevertheless, for the community institutions and the subjects of European politics the imperative duty is again posed to respond to the question «What does Europe believe in?» following the guideline of the understanding of our roots.
If Europe does not want to be only an economic alliance, but a real union of peoples and nations, it must, above all, recognize its own roots. Europe is not a continent that can be fully framed in geographic terms, but a cultural and historical concept.
A Constitutional Charter capable of restoring and guaranteeing full dignity to all within the compact and united horizon of the common good cannot neglect the European cultural identity.
The French and Dutch «no» must be the beginning of a new battle for respect of that religious freedom that Europe is increasingly forgetting. Man must become aware of the ultimate meaning of things.
It is a battle of freedom, a battle of our time to make our society a free society in respect of the fundamentalist and relativist models we are dangerously approaching.
This is the necessary condition not to stop before the limits of the result reached until now and, in accordance with the words expressed by Barroso, «to transform this difficult moment into a new opportunity» for the building of the new Europe.
Q: It seems increasingly obvious that there is a certain separation between the position of the political forces, the Brussels institutions and the population. In France and the Netherlands the people voted in higher percentages than in political consultations and, in the majority, voted against the European Constitutional Treaty. Is it not, perhaps, the moment to discuss again the idea of Europe proposed up to now?
Mauro: The building of Europe must overcome two errors which today are being revealed as very dangerous: state ownership and bureaucracy.
What is at stake is particularly important and all European citizens are called to be conscious of it, to at last be protagonists of a building, the European one, which in the last years has always been made above their heads.
Today it is increasingly evident that, since the 1970s, with the development which has been called in journalistic terms the Europe of «eurocracies,» that is, the Europe of Brussels, there has been an alienation from the principle of being able to be united on what is essential.
The great idea of the founding fathers of Europe was the idea of a Europe that is concerned about very few things.
For Adenauer, it was the Europe that again debated the role of a multinational and supranational organism which, for example, the Holy Roman Empire had — a Europe understood as an institution which has the responsibility of foreign policy, defense and, therefore, a reason to propose its own point of view to the world on international questions, on questions of peace, which are the instrument through which there is prosperity, money and taxation. And today, on this point, we are still only halfway there.
Q: What will happen if other referendums are held which are opposed to the European Constitutional Treaty?
Mauro: The «no» expressed by France and the Netherlands, to which is added Tony Blair’s decision to suspend the British referendum, determines a political condition already in existence, so that further rejections of the Constitutional Treaty would do no more than increase the possibility of the blunder of the Constitution’s coming into effect, foreseen for the beginning of 2007.
The 25 heads of state and government are now called to give a first response to this problem in the European Council scheduled for June 16-17.
If the Constitution’s coming into effect is canceled, the EU will continue to base itself on the Maastricht Treaty and the modifications contributed by the Amsterdam and Nice Treaties.
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DOCUMENTS
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Holy See Address at International Labor Organization Conference
Unemployment as a «Real Social Disaster»
GENEVA, JUNE 13, 2005 (Zenit.org).- Here is the address delivered June 7 by Archbishop Silvano Tomasi, the Holy See’s permanent observer to the U.N. offices in Geneva, at the 93rd International Labor Organization Conference.
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Mr. President,
1. The future that challenges and confronts the international community and individual countries is marked by an increasing awareness that only together we can make progress and find the right path toward a truly human life. The rapid pace of change may give rise to doubt and to the temptation of isolation and momentarily derail the move forward. But the process of globalization continues: making it inclusive and removing the obstacles that obstruct its beneficial impact for all is the commitment that emerges from this 93rd International Labor Conference.
Clearly the spirit of solidarity and of enterprise that flows from the unique tripartite collaboration of states, workers and employers shows a model of interdependence that can enrich other
international organizations in this moment of search for reforms devoted to a more effective service to the whole human family.
2. The road towards a decent work for a decent life in a world where the globalization of solidarity is an active agenda starts indeed with young women and men and the promotion of their employment. There is a sense of urgency to find a response to the fact that globally less than half of the youth available for work had jobs in 2004 and that an estimated 59 million young people aged 15 to 18 years are in hazardous forms of work.
Already John Paul II had asked during his visit to the ILO in 1982: Can we tolerate a situation in which many young people may find themselves without any prospect of one day getting a job and which, at the very least, could leave them with lifelong scars? (John Paul II, Address to the International Labor Organization, 15 June 1982, n. 12). In developing countries, lack of innovative technologies makes it difficult to translate research findings into productive initiatives. The priority to be given to education and formation, especially in a knowledge-based economy, is evident. At the same time, youth unemployment should be contextualized and the whole economic structure of developing countries needs to be sustained in its evolution and enabled to compete fairly in the world market.
Decent jobs for young people have a critical payoff. Their creativity supported by an adequate technical culture and a sound sense of responsibility can make up for their limited experience and even open additional jobs through the micro-enterprises they may launch with the granting of appropriate credit. The communities, where young people are not employed, lose hope. The creative energy of the young, not channeled toward productive goals, is dispersed and wasted. In fact, the risk is unfortunately real that lack of jobs and employment opportunities push the young into the destructive underworld of drugs, violence, criminal activities and even terrorism.
Speaking on May 1, 2005, to many workers attending his first Sunday audience, the new Holy Father Benedict XVI underlined how solidarity, justice and peace should be «the pillars on which to build the unity of the human family.» He called on workers to witness in contemporary society the «Gospel of work.» «I hope,» he added, «that work will be available, especially for young people, and that working conditions may be ever more respectful of the dignity of the human person.»
3. The creation of decent work for all in a sustainable world has been a long-standing common base for a fruitful dialogue between the ILO and the social doctrine of the Church. It is the dignity of every human person that requires access to work in condition of personal security, health, fair remuneration, a safe environment. Work is a right and the expression of human dignity.
My Delegation, therefore, sees unemployment as a «real social disaster» and supports international organizations, employers, labor unions and governments to join forces, strengthen juridical norms of protection, promote the implementation of existing conventions. In such convergence of forces it is particularly significant to recall that the last official audience scheduled by the late Pope John Paul II, whose official visit to ILO and masterful encyclical on human work, «Laborem Exercens,» remain a lasting contribution, had been for the ILO Director General. And much appreciated has been the presence of the Director General at the funeral of John Paul II and at the inauguration of Benedict XVI’s ministry.
There is a shared vision that work is the motor for development and poverty elimination, for unlocking the hidden resources of nature, for personal and professional fulfillment and family support, for social participation in the well-being of society.
4. As a popular saying goes, «Think globally, act locally,» fundamental principles and strategic objectives need to be enfleshed in the daily existence of people to make a difference. In the word of the Director General’s Report, a common effort is demanded «to maintain and increase this advocacy of a decent work perspective in economic and social policies locally, nationally and internationally,» and to implement decent work country programs so as to move in this positive direction.
However, a more determined outreach to the most vulnerable categories of workers is called for. Coherent action against forced labor, at the national level and in a collaborative mode with the international community can eradicate this most indecent work which should have no place in the modern world. The estimates provided for the first time at this Conference are their own commentary: Today, at least 12.3 million people are victims of forced labor worldwide. Of these, 9.8 million are exploited by private agents, including more than 2.4 million in forced labor as a result of human trafficking, a 32-billion-dollar global business.
Another 2.5 million are forced to work by the State or by rebel military groups (International Labor Office, A global alliance against forced labor, Report I (B) International Labor Conference, 93rd Session 2005, p. 10). Obviously the human person is treated as an instrument of production, his or her freedom and dignity violated, the rights that flow from work stifled. When work is isolated from the broader context of human rights, the worst forms of exploitation take over.
5. An important sign of the continued dynamism of the ILO is its persevering commitment to focus on forced labor as well as on all segments of the world of work that are most emarginated. The workers of the sea have not been forgotten. For fishermen, a much needed instrument that holds the potential for improving the life of 90% of these most forgotten people, is the convention hopefully to be approved and opened for ratification at this Conference.
It is difficult, and therefore a greater achievement, to produce a convention that will take into consideration in a balanced way very different situations that go from the small fisher that fishes with a net from his wooden boat for sustenance to the commercial fishing vessels, some so sophisticated [as] to be a processing factory on the waves of the sea. Fishing is a complex and also dangerous profession with high occupational accidents, deaths and injuries. The proposed convention: «Work in the fishing sector,» and its Recommendations, can make all kind of professional fishing safer and a decent workplace.
6. For the first time, an integrated approach and framework is proposed for the protection of workers against injuries and sickness related to their work. The combination of norms, clear lines of responsibility and mechanism for compliance should strengthen prevention and increase the well-being of workers and their productivity. It is a dramatic realization to read that fatal and non-fatal accidents are estimated at 270 million and that some 160 million workers suffer from work-related diseases (International Labor Organization, Promotional framework for occupational safety and health, 93rd Session 2005, p. 3). An instrument dealing with renewed commitment with occupational safety and health seems really timely and opportune.
7. Mr. President, new questions and problems are always arising as the economy, technological advances and the globalized organization of society evolve.
Work remains central in building up the future. But protagonist of his work is the human person and safeguarding his dignity and centrality in all new realities is the best guarantee for a more just and peaceful world.
[Original text: English]
