* * *
Rodolfo Quezada Toruño, 73
Archbishop of Guatemala
Rodolfo Quezada Toruño was born March 8, 1932, in Guatemala City, Guatemala. He was ordained a priest Sept. 21, 1956, and holds a doctorate in canon law.
He has served as a parochial vicar and as a university chaplain as well as vice chancellor of the Archdiocese of Guatemala. He was the first rector of the National Major Seminary of the Assumption in Guatemala.
He was named auxiliary bishop of Zacapa in April 1972. In 1975, he was appointed as coadjutor bishop of the diocese.
In 1986 he was appointed as prelate of Santo Cristo de Esquipulas. He currently serves as president of the bishops’ conference of Guatemala.
Since June 2001 he has been archbishop of Guatemala. He was elevated to cardinal in October 2003.
Curial membership:
* Culture (council)
* Latin America (commission)
— — —
Joseph Ratzinger, 77
Dean of the College of Cardinals
Joseph Ratzinger was born April 16, 1927, in Marktl am Inn, Germany. He was ordained a priest June 29, 1951.
He spent his adolescent years in Traunstein, and was called into the auxiliary anti-aircraft service in the last months of World War II. From 1946 to 1951, the year in which he was ordained a priest and began to teach, he studied philosophy and theology at the University of Munich and at the higher school in Freising.
In 1953 he obtained a doctorate in theology. Four years later, he qualified as a university teacher. He then taught dogma and fundamental theology at the higher school of philosophy and theology of Freising, then in Bonn from 1959 to 1969, Muenster from 1963 to 1966, Tuebinga from 1966 to 1969.
From 1969, he was a professor of dogmatic theology and of the history of dogma at the University of Regensburg and vice president of the same university.
In 1962 he became a consultor at the Second Vatican Council. In March 1977, Pope Paul VI elected him archbishop of Munich and Freising and on May 28, 1977, he was ordained a bishop — the first diocesan priest after 80 years to take over the pastoral ministry of this large Bavarian diocese.
He was elevated to cardinal in June 1977. In November 1981 he was named prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and president of the Biblical Commission and of the Pontifical International Theological Commission.
He was elected vice dean of the College of Cardinals in November 1998. In November 2002, the Pope approved his election, by the order of cardinal bishops, as dean of the College of Cardinals.
Cardinal Ratzinger was president of the Commission for the Preparation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and after six years of work he presented the new catechism to the Holy Father in 1992.
Curial membership:
* Secretariat of State (second section)
* Eastern Churches, Divine Worship and the Sacraments, Bishops, Evangelization of Peoples, Catholic Education (congregations)
* Christian Unity, Culture (councils)
* Latin America, Ecclesia Dei (commissions)
— — —
Armand Razafindratandra, 79
Archbishop of Antananarivo, Madagascar
Armand Gaétan Razafindratandra was born Aug. 7, 1925, in Ambohimalaza, Madagascar. He went to the minor seminary of Ambohipo and finally, to St. Michael’s College directed by the Jesuits, where he earned his diploma.
He studied philosophy for two years at Ambatoroka major seminary and did a three-year course at St. Michael’s College. He then returned to Ambatoroka to study theology.
After his ordination to the priesthood on July 27, 1954, he was sent to the Catholic Institute in Paris, to study at the Institute of Pastoral Catechesis and the Institute of Social Studies.
He returned to his country in 1956 and became director of catechetical teaching. He subsequently became a parish priest in Ambohimitsimbina and assistant curate in Ambavahadimitafo.
He later served as rector of the Faliarivo minor seminary and director of the major seminary of Ambatoroka.
He was appointed bishop of Mahajanga in April 1978 and received episcopal ordination that July 2.
He was named archbishop of Antananarivo in February 1994 and installed the following May. He was elevated to cardinal in November 1994.
From 1997 until December 2002, he served as president of the episcopal conference of Madagascar.
Curial membership:
* Evangelization of Peoples (congregation)
* Special Council for Africa of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
— — —
Giovanni Battista Re, 71
Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops
Giovanni Battista Re was born Jan. 30, 1934, in Borno, Italy. He was ordained for the Diocese of Brescia on March 3, 1957, and holds a doctorate in canon law from the Gregorian University, Rome.
He taught in the Brescia seminary and served as a curate before entering the Holy See’s diplomatic service. He was posted to Panama and Iran, until being recalled to the Vatican Secretariat of State, where he served as personal secretary to Archbishop Giovanni Benelli. In 1979 he was named assessor.
In October 1987 he was appointed secretary of the Congregation for Bishops, receiving episcopal consecration that Nov. 7. Two years later he was named substitute of the Secretariat of State, a post he held for 11 years.
In September 2000 the Pope appointed him prefect of the Congregation for Bishops and president of the Pontifical Commission for Latin America. He was elevated to cardinal in February 2001.
Curial membership:
* Secretariat of State (second section)
* Doctrine of Faith (congregation)
* Vatican City State (commission)
— — —
Justin Rigali, 69
Archbishop of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
Justin Francis Rigali was born April 19, 1935, in Los Angeles. He was ordained a priest April 25, 1961, and holds a doctorate in canon law.
In 1964 he entered the English-language department of the Vatican Secretariat of State, of which he was appointed director in 1970, after serving in the apostolic nuncio in Madagascar (1966-70).
He worked as the English translator for Pope Paul VI, whom he accompanied on various international journeys. He also served as professor and president of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy.
In 1985 he was appointed as a titular archbishop. From 1985-90, he held many Vatican posts and was appointed secretary of the Congregation for Bishops and secretary of the College of Cardinals.
In March 1994 he was installed as archbishop of Saint Louis, Missouri. In July 2003 he was named archbishop of Philadelphia. He was elevated to cardinal in October 2003.
Curial membership:
* Divine Worship and the Sacraments (congregation)
* Vox Clara (committee)
* Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See (office)
— — —
Norberto Rivera Carrera, 62
Archbishop of Mexico
Norberto Rivera Carrera was born June 6, 1942, in La Purisima, Mexico.
In 1955 he entered the seminary of Durango, where he did his classical studies, philosophy and a year of theology.
He earned a doctorate in theology from the Gregorian University, Rome, was ordained a priest on July 3, 1966, by Pope Paul VI in St. Peter’s Basilica.
After serving as a curate in Rio Grande, he taught dogmatic theology for 18 years at the major seminary of Durango. He also taught sacred Scripture and pastoral and spiritual theology. In 1982 he became professor of ecclesiology at the Pontifical University of Mexico.
He was also founder of the Movement for the Days of Christian Life. In November 1985 he was named bishop of Tehuacan and received episcopal ordination that Dec. 21.
From 1989 to 1995 he was chairman of the Mexican bishops’ Commission for the Family. From April 1993 to 1995 he headed the Fami
ly Section of the Latin American bishops’ council.
In June 1995 he was appointed archbishop primate of Mexico City and was installed that July 26. He was elevated to cardinal in February 1998.
Curial membership:
* Divine Worship and the Sacraments, Clergy (congregations)
* Family (council)
* Latin America (commission)
* Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
— — —
Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, 62
Archbishop of Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga was born Dec. 29, 1942, in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. He was ordained for the Salesians in June 1970 and holds a doctorate in theology from the Lateran University, Rome, and a diploma in clinical psychology and psychotherapy from Leopold Franz University, Innsbruck.
He taught chemistry, physics and music at various Salesian colleges in El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala and was professor of moral theology and ecclesiology at the Salesian Theological Institute, Guatemala, and rector of the Salesian Philosophical Institute in the same country.
In October 1978 he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Tegucigalpa, receiving episcopal ordination that Dec. 8. He was promoted to archbishop in January 1993. He was president of the Latin American bishops’ council 1995-99.
He was elevated to cardinal in February 2001.
Curial membership:
* Clergy (congregation)
* Justice and Peace, Social Communications (councils)
* Latin America (commission)
* Special Council for America of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
— — —
Antonio Rouco Varela, 68
Archbishop of Madrid, Spain
Antonio María Rouco Varela was born Aug. 24, 1936, in Villalba, Spain. From 1946 to 1954 he studied at the seminary of Mondoñedo-Ferral, and from 1954 to 1958 he studied theology at the Pontifical University of Salamanca.
He was ordained a priest March 28, 1959, in Salamanca. From 1959 to 1964, he studied law and theology at the University of Munich and earned a doctorate.
He was professor of fundamental theology and canon law at the seminary of Mondoñedo from 1964-1966; adjunct professor at the Institute of Canon Law at the University of Munich from 1966-1969; professor of public ecclesiastical law at the University of Salamanca from 1969-1971; taught fundamental canon law in 1971 and served as vice rector in 1972 of the same university.
In September 1976 he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Santiago de Compostela, and received episcopal ordination Oct. 31, 1976.
He has published many books and numerous scientific works on the theological foundation of canon law and problems with the Church-state relations.
He was named archbishop of Santiago de Compostela in May 1984 and hosted the 4th World Youth Day in August 1989.
He was named archbishop of Madrid in July 1994. He was elevated to cardinal in February 1998.
Curial membership:
* Bishops, Clergy, Catholic Education (congregations)
* Legislative Texts, Culture, Cor Unum (councils)
* Apostolic Signature (tribunal)
* Special Council for Europe of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops
* Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
— — —
Pedro Rubiano Sáenz, 72
Archbishop of Bogota, Colombia
Pedro Rubiano Sáenz was born Sept. 13, 1932, in Cartago, Colombia. He was ordained for the then Diocese of Cali in July 1956 following theological studies at Laval University, Quebec.
He was a parish priest, chaplain to Marco Fidel Suárez Air Force Academy, St. Liberata National College and Our Lady of Remedies Clinic, archdiocesan treasurer and vicar for pastoral ministry, and vice rector of Santiago College.
In June 1971 he was appointed bishop of Cucuta and received episcopal ordination that June 11.
In March 1983 he was promoted to coadjutor archbishop of Cali and became the see’s second archbishop in February 1985. From April 1990 to January 1991 he was also apostolic administrator of Popayan.
In December 1994 he was appointed archbishop of Bogota. He was elevated to cardinal in February 2001.
Curial membership:
* Catholic Education (congregation)
* Migrants and Travelers (council)
— — —
Camillo Ruini, 74
Vicar General for Diocese of Rome
Camillo Ruini was born Feb. 19, 1931, in Sassuolo, Italy. Having studied philosophy and theology in Rome at the Gregorian University, he obtained a licentiate in philosophy and theology.
He was ordained a priest Dec. 8, 1954. In 1957 he returned to Reggio Emilia and taught philosophy at the diocesan seminary until 1968.
Among his teaching posts, from 1968 until 1986 he taught dogmatic theology at the Studio Teologico Interdiocesano di Modena-Reggio-Emilia-Carpi-Guastalla, where he was also headmaster from 1968 to 1977.
From 1958 to 1966 he served as chaplain to Catholic University graduates and from 1966 to 1970 he served as a delegate for Catholic Action.
In May 1983 he was named auxiliary bishop of Reggio Emilia and Guastalla, and received episcopal ordination that June 29.
As vice president of the Preparatory Committee, he contributed to the realization of the Ecclesial Convention of Loreto (1985) which has become a reference point in the dialogue between the Church and Italian society following the wounds of the 1960s and 1970s.
In June 1986 the Pope named him secretary-general of the Italian bishops’ conference. Since 1988 he has been a consultor of the Congregation for Bishops.
In January 1991 he was named archbishop and pro-vicar general of the Pope for the Diocese of Rome. In March 1991 he became president of the Italian bishops’ conference.
He was named vicar general of His Holiness for the Diocese of Rome and archpriest of Patriarchal Lateran Basilica, in July 1991. He is also grand chancellor of the Lateran University.
He was elevated to cardinal in June 1991.
Curial membership:
* Bishops (congregation)
* Laity (council)
* Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See (office)
* Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational and Economic Affairs of the Holy See
