A new and important step in the ecumenical path was taken last Monday, March 13, in Saint Peter’s Basilica.
Anglican Bishop David Moxon, Director of the Anglican Center of Rome, led the prayer while Archbishop Arthur Roche, Secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments gave the homily. The choir of Merton College, Oxford, accompanied the liturgy.
The ceremony was held a few days after Pope Francis’ visit — the first of a Pontiff to an Anglican church — that of All Saints in Rome, in which the Holy Father indicated that ecumenism is carried out by walking together.
ZENIT talked with Archbishop Roche, secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship, who explained that the event coincided with the 1420 years of monk Augustine’s choice to go to evangelize England. Pope Saint Gregory I sent Augustine of Canterbury, venerated as a Saint by Catholics and Anglicans, to King Raedwald, Ethelbert of Kent.
“These Vespers happened a few days after Pope Francis’ visit to All Saints Anglican church,” explained the English Archbishop, and he specified that “on this occasion the Holy Father said that the word humility is not only a beautiful virtue, but distinctive of our Christian faith. And I thought that this humility should be translated into a mutual service at this moment of the ecumenical path, with generosity of heart and great faith. Because Christ prayed for unity.”
In addition, Monsignor Roche pointed out that, on the day of Pentecost, Pope Francis said: “Christians must come out of the refectory, on mission, to proclaim the Gospel, without returning to Refectories to feel themselves in a safe atmosphere. Otherwise they remain in a refectory which is somewhat dark and does not have the light that is fruit of the joy of preaching the Gospel.
“And the Pope reminded Catholics and Anglicans that we must not proclaim ourselves, but Christ Jesus,” said the number two of the Congregation of Divine Worship. And he specified: “triumphalism is something of the past, not a bridge but a blocked place. It does not foster walking together with faith even if we proceed from the same source.»
On the differences between the Anglican and Catholic prayer of Vespers, Monsignor Roche said: “there are common elements, as the singing of the Psalms and the Magnificat,” even if “the form and organization of the texts is somewhat different.”
The prelate then stressed: “we should especially pray together, because unity is a gift of God and not a human process. And we should wait for this moment of God’s grace.” And, he added, these Vespers prayed together were “asking God to give us the gift of unity, as a sign of brotherhood between Christians.”
To the question of Anglican priests who in recent years have returned to Catholicism, Monsignor Roche said that “Pope Benedict created an Ordinariate for Anglican priests who have returned.” But the others must not be forgotten because “the obstacles and challenges are many at this moment, such as the Ordination of women and the question of homosexuality.”
Hence, “these differences demonstrate that unity will be a gift of God.” In addition, he pointed out that it is necessary “to be closer, because when a person is far from another human group, there is also distance in appreciating things. Instead, when one is closer to others it is possible for them to see our faith in Christ and our ecclesial faith. Therefore, we must walk and communicate with others.
These Vespers in the Vatican were not the first ceremony of this type carried out together: the choir of the Musical Sistine Chapel has already sung with that of Westminster and also their Tu est Petrus, in Saint Peter’s Basilica, place in which our faith is very evident, built as it is on the tomb of Peter,” he added.
The Bishop also recalled that “several years ago, 30 or 40, it was not well regarded for an Anglican to come on pilgrimage to Rome and for a Catholic go to Canterbury. Now it’s less difficult, and this closeness in the order of charity and brotherhood is something we must do, because it is to obey the Lord’ recommendation.” He concluded by saying that some years ago, Cardinal Murphy-O’Connor said that ecumenism is a dead end street. “Therefore we must walk together while waiting for this gift of God, which will be unity.”
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Please find below the full Vatican Radio-provided text of Archbishop Arthur Roche’s sermon for Anglican Evensong of St Gregory the Great, celebrated at the Altar of the Chair of St Peter:
We stand at a moment of historic note. Here, in this great basilica built over the tomb of St Peter on whom Christ built his Church, below St Peter’s Chair encased within Bernini’s reredos, we find ourselves in the very place where St Gregory the Great, the Apostolus Anglorum, was consecrated bishop and proclaimed Successor of St Peter and whose own tomb is nearby. The Altar that he built over the tomb of his predecessor is still used today by Peter’s successors and has born witness to some of the most important events in Church history: the inauguration of popes, the canonization of saints, an Ecumenical Council, the crowning of the Holy Roman Emperors.
Today is no less historic, although of its nature humbler. It is the first time that Evensong, Anglican Evening Prayer, has been celebrated here. I say ‘humble’, not because this event lacks the grandeur of the commencement of the Papal office or the crowning of emperors, but because to worship God is of its nature an act of humility by creatures before their Creator for which reason we sang, Come into his presence with singing! … he is God! It is he who made us, and we are … his people, the sheep of his pasture. (Ps 100) The love of God and our desire to worship Him is what beings us together as Christians, Anglicans and Catholics alike, a people on pilgrimage, retracing our steps and setting our sites anew on a terrain of ecumenical challenge and hope. But the word ‘humble’ also marks the ministry of Pope Gregory whose memory we commemorate this evening. As Pope Francis said at All Saints in Rome two weeks ago, humility is not just a beautiful Christian virtue, it is also a matter of our identity. (26 February 2017)
Few popes in history have had as great an influence on the shaping of the Church as St Gregory. Even today his teachings and example speak to us in our challenging world. He was Pope for only 14 years, but what he achieved during those years and the legacy which he left was the fruit of what he had become during the previous 50 years of his life. Besides his many qualities he was above all a disciple of the Lord – following his paths and resisting his own.
He came from a wealthy patrician family in Rome, born around 540. His father, Gordianus, a Senator, was also one of the Seven Deacons of Rome and his mother, Sylvia, a virtuous woman whose sanctity is recognized in the East as well as in the West. They used their wealth and their influence for the care of others as well as in strengthening the local Christian communities by establishing monastic settlements. The home of Gregory was built on that of Nazareth, a hidden life of prayer and tenderness, yet overwhelmingly generous and hospitable.
Gregory was well educated and rose to prominence within the Roman government. Highly regarded as a distinguished speaker and writer, he established himself as a person well versed in imperial law and the subjects of the day.
Although he rose to the rank of Prefect of Rome, with all that this promised him, he turned instead to the monastic life of seclusion, dedicated prayer and contemplation, fasting and humble service.
His talents, and even more so his character, for he was readily loved by all, could not be hidden and he was sent by Pope Pelagius II as the Pope’s ambassador to Constantinople to plead for imperial assistance to help end the suffering being endured by the great city of Rome from the ravishing diseases within and the threatening invasions without.
Unsuccessful, he returned to the monastery of St Andrew on the Caelian Hill to resume a life of contemplation and study of the Scriptures.
However, this would not be for long. On the death of the Pope, Gregory was elected to the Chair of Peter and after much protestation, indeed attempted avoidance, he was consecrated Bishop of Rome in the Confessio of St Peter’s now below that great Altar, on 3 September, 590.
His pontificate was marked not only by remarkable administrative skills and depth of teaching, wisdom of judgement, and zeal for proclaiming the gospel everywhere, but also by outstanding pastoral care for the poor and the sick, the refugee, the slave and the criminal – care for the needs of both their bodies as well as their souls. In all his undertakings there was nothing about St Gregory that was partisan as can be seen by his rigorous restoration of the synagogues to the Jews. His direct application of the gospel was as challenging then as it is today which made him a prominent figure both spiritually and politically.
Amongst his many achievements and those things for which he is remembered there are two which I think are particularly pertinent to us as the inheritors of the ministry of Gregory and Augustine today as we walk together in search of greater unity.
The first can be seen in the remarkable ecumenical nature, in both the original and modern sense of that word, of his Petrine ministry. One example serves above all. At a time when other Churches were beginning to claim what was perceived as an exaggerated independence by creating distinguishing titles, St Gregory with considerable gentleness described his role as Successor of Peter as the Servus servorum Dei – the servant of the servants of God – a title retained still. It seems to me that this example serves us well. Our journey, our walking together on this pilgrimage in search of the ecumenical quest of unity invites us also to become servants one to another acknowledging that we are all unprofitable servants (Lk 17,10). Our love for each other must always be humble and unstinting. One servant encouraging another to become ever more faithful to Christ. In the end it is God’s grace which achieves that for which we work and long for, but it is Jesus Christ we proclaim and not ourselves. Triumphalism of any sort is always a wall and never a bridge.
The second, and perhaps the greatest of Saint Gregory’s achievements as pope, and one in which we find inspiration today, was his missionary zeal.
His passion for evangelization is reflected in the immense record of his writings. The story of his discovery of the three “non Angli sed angeli” is well known. On discovering that they came from a land known as Deira – the North of England – he said, “Then, they must be truly saved from de ira Dei – the wrath of God!” And on asking further who their ruler was and being told it was “Aella”. “Then”, he replied, “Alleluia must be sung in Aella’s land!”
As we know, he sent St. Augustine, abbot of his former monastery, to preach the faith of an undivided Christendom in England. Augustine’s mission, despite initial challenges and setbacks, was so successful that it led to the later conversion of Northern Europe to Christianity. “How beautiful” indeed, “are the feet of those who bring good news,” (Isaiah 52,7). We rightly reverence those who have brought the gospel to us, who have taught us the faith by their preaching, their teaching and their holiness of life. But we must never forget, as Pope Francis recently said that, “The Church was born as outgoing. It was closeted in the refectory [till the day of Pentecost] and then came out. And it must remain in the outside world. It must not shut itself off again.” (25 November 2016) We can encourage each other in that and indeed support each other in this important imperative for all times and places.
Later on there was, as part of this missionary enterprise to England, a group of cantori – choristers, who were to charm Anglo-Saxon ears with Gregorian chant! Indeed, as we have seen in recent years in the reciprocal invitations and the coming together of the Sistine Choir with Anglican Choirs here and elsewhere liturgical music also serves the ecumenical venture. (St Bede’s History of the English Church & People, Book IV, ch. 18)
In giving thanks for our Christian faith which comes to us from the same font, it is for us not only to remember but together to pass on in faithfulness what we have received ourselves in the hope of a reunited Christendom. The young men from Deira must have seemed very foreign indeed to the Roman monks, as perhaps some parts of our society and culture today may seem foreign to us, but the gospel still needs to be proclaimed in those peripheries, in those byways of the world, as well as among the most materially disadvantaged as has been referred to by Pope Francis and Archbishop Welby. It is not enough for us to simply remember the ministry of St Gregory to our land, but also to give thanks for what we have received by becoming ourselves missionary Christians proclaiming the joy of the gospel and avoiding remaining “huddled in closed circles, in ecclesial “micro-climates” which would bring us back to the days of clouds and thick darkness” – in the words of Pope Francis – “Together let us ask God for the grace to imitate the spirit and example of the great missionaries, through whom the Holy Spirit revitalized the Church.” (Vespers, St Andrew’s Monastery, 6 October 2016)
We are here below the great window of the Holy Spirit this evening which reminds us that the iconographic depiction of St Gregory is the Holy Spirit whispering in his ear. We pray that, like St Gregory, we too will remain open to the whispering of God’s Holy Spirit so that in our day we may have the courage and faith to continue praying and working to surmount the barriers that remain, to break down the walls of separation and division so that in God’s good time the unthinkable, or what seems now to be so difficult, may be made possible in Christ Jesus our Lord. The words from a letter of St Gregory to St Augustine and his fellow missionaries seem apt also for us this evening: “It is better never to undertake any high enterprise than to abandon it when once begun. So with the help of God you must carry out this holy task which you have begun. Do not be deterred by the troubles of the journey or by what men say. Be constant and zealous in carrying out this enterprise which, under God’s guidance, you have undertaken: and be assured that the greater the labour, the greater will be the glory of your reward … And although my office prevents me working at your side, yet because I long to do so, I hope to share in your joyful reward.” (St Bede’s History, Book I, chapter 23) There is no doubt that the prayers of this great Apostle of the English then, remain with us now in this holy work.
[Courtesy of Vatican Radio]
