1) The Joy
The title and the introduction of the Exhortation of Pope Francis “Evangelii gaudium «: “The joy of the gospel” are the best commentaries on this Sunday’s Liturgy,» Laetare Sunday»[1] .
The Holy Father in this policy document says: «The joy of the Gospel fills the heart and the lifetime of those who meet with Jesus. Those who let themselves be saved by Him are freed from sin, from sorrow, from inner emptiness and from isolation. With Jesus Christ joy is always born and reborn. «
In the time of bitterness, weariness and intellectual approach, abstract to the life of faith, the Pope in the “Evangelii gaudium “forcefully poses the joy of the Gospel as the completion of the message of Christ who said «I have told you these things so that my joy may be in you and that your joy may be complete.»
Today we are invited to, «this precious joy upon which all virtue is founded» (Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy , Paradise 24 , 90-91 ) because Easter is approaching and the liturgy creates a dawn that announces the Easter sun and invites us to a moment of serene contentment in the midst of the austerity of Lent.
The Collect of this Sunday’s Mass reads: «Reconcile the human race to yourself in a wonderful way, grant, we pray, that with prompt devotion and eager faith the Christian people may hasten toward the solemn celebrations to come.” The fatigue of the journey is the price for the joy of the goal achieved. This reminds us once again that the purpose of Lent is to prepare for Easter, for the Easter world that will bloom from the Cross on which the eternal Love is sacrificed as a counterweight to all our denials of love.
Joy begins from the small and big human pleasures that everyone experiences from childhood, enjoying the love of parents, friends, brothers and sisters in humanity and faith. This joy, however, is filled with Christ. It comes from Jesus the Redeemer, who brings the glad good news that God is always with us.
Here are some examples to understand this. The first «epiphany» of joy is the Annunciation, which makes Our Lady say: “My soul magnifies the Lord and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior” (Luke 1:46-47). The second is when the greeting of Mary, who carries the Savior in her womb, reaches Elisabeth: John the Baptist leaps for joy in her womb (Luke 1:44). At the birth of Christ, the angel announces to the shepherds «a great joy» (Luke 2:10). When the wise men saw again the star leading them to Christ «they felt a great joy» (Matthew 2:10). Zacchaeus received Jesus into her house «full of joy» (Luke 19:6). On the day of the messianic entrance into Jerusalem «the whole multitude of the disciples began to rejoice and praise God with a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen” (Luke 19:37). And these are only some of the episodes of joy over the presence of Christ and the waiting for Him.
The prophetic announcements of the Savior are full of joyful words and jolts of happiness. «The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light, to those who dwelt in the land of gloom a light has shone. You have multiplied the joy, you have increased the happiness. They rejoice before you as people rejoice at the harvest, as when they divide the prey … A child is born, unto us a son is given. Upon his shoulder dominion rests and He is called: Wonderful Counselor , Mighty God , Everlasting Father , Prince of Peace; great will be his government and peace will have no end.» (Isaiah 9:1-6 , cf. 4 Mt 0.14 to 15 and the Christmas liturgy ) However, this joy was already preceded by the joy of the patriarchs. And Jesus will say, “Your father Abraham rejoiced to see my day and he saw it and was glad” (John 8:56).
As I already mentioned, there is the joy of the Incarnation and of Christmas. Joy announced by the angel (Luke 2:10), discovered by shepherds (Luke 2, 20) and by the Magi (Matthew 2:10), manifested by the aged Simeon and the prophetess Anna (Lk 2.25 to 38). The joy of Christmas comes from contemplating the beginning of our wonderful destiny of redeemed and our return to paradise. «In this day has been planted on the ground the condition of the citizens of heaven, the angels come into communion with men, who entertain themselves without fear with the angels. This is because God came down to earth and man has ascended to heaven. There is no more separation between heaven and earth, between angels and humans “(St. John Chrysostom). The Byzantine liturgy exclaims: «O world, sing and dance at the news (of the virgin birth of Mary), with the angels and shepherds glorify Him who wanted to show Himself as a child, God before the ages.» Joy of love, joy of union, high tenderness of the superabundant and bright happiness!
Finally, there is the joy of Easter which we are preparing for. It touches the highest pinnacle and finally explodes in the resurrection, indispensable complement to the death of the Lord and for our salvation. The Gospels gush of the beatific joy that passes from the angels to Mary Magdalene, the Apostles and the disciples of Emmaus. On the bewildered faith of all his followers, Jesus sheds the light of his glorious life, enlightens them and welcomes them. “And they departed quickly from the sepulcher with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples» (Mt 28, 8). “The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord” (Jn 20:20).
All this is summed up beautifully by St. Thomas Aquinas, who says: «Joy is the enjoyment of a sure good,» good that faith allows to see and enjoy.
2) The Bread of Truth is the Bread of Joy.
It is said that faith is blind, but that is an incorrect saying. Faith allows seeing what the eyes of the body and simple human intelligence cannot see. Faith is to see what God sees “For the man sees the appearance but the Lord looks at the heart “(First Reading).
Healing or not, it is only faith that allows me to “see» how God sees from its infinite wisdom. As it is written “In your light we see light “(Ps 35, 10).
“Walk as children of light, and now the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness and truth. Try to figure out what pleases the Lord. Have no fellowship with works of darkness, which bear no fruit, but rather reprove them.” (Second Reading)
During this Lent, a time of conversion to the light that comes from God, let’s meditate on the fact that our life is a breath which ends in a moment, and ask the Lord to increases in us the light of faith not to discuss who to blame for the ills of the world, but to make the Gospel and Jesus Christ the rule of our lives. We are dead even before we actually die if we do not believe in the resurrection from the dead and in the One who guides us toward Easter.
Let us identify with the man born blind who, gone out from from blindness and the interrogation, enters disappointed and confused in the world of those who think that they see. With him let’s go back to meet Jesus who asks him if he believes in him, if he sees Him as the true man and the true God, the Savior of the world.
I can feel his thrill in recognizing that voice and in fixing his gaze on those eyes full of light. I kneel with him in front of Jesus in the Eucharist. I do not think because I have been miraculously cured … I believe that my life is a miracle, even when it is shrouded in darkness. I believe that God loves me and is near me. I listen to his voice in the Bible, I do what He says through the Church, and I go where He sends me. I go to confession to be washed by his innocent blood and heal from my guilty and by my inability to see as He sees everything I am, what I could be and what happens to
me .
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Roman Rite – Fourth Sunday of Lent – Year A – March 30, 2014
1 Sam 16: 1b.4a. 6-7, 10 -13a; Ps 23; Eph 5: 8-14; Jn 9: 1-41
Christ the Light opens the eyes of the blind.
Ambrosian Rite – Fourth Sunday of Lent
Ex 34:27-35.1; Ps 35; 2 Corinthians 3:7-18; Jn 9, 1 – 38b
Sunday of the Blind.
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Patristic Reading
Saint John Chrystom
Homily 56
About the man born blind
And as Jesus passed by, He saw a man which was blind from his birth. And His disciples asked Him, saying, Master, who did sin, this man, or his parents, that he was born blind?”
1. “ And as Jesus passed by, He saw a man which was blind from his birth.” Being full of love for man, and caring for our salvation, and desiring to stop the mouths of the foolish, He omits nothing of His own part, though there be none to give heed. And the Prophet knowing this says, “That You might be justified when You speak, and be clear when You are judged.” Psalm 51:4 Wherefore here, when they would not receive His sublime sayings, but said that He had a devil, and attempted to kill Him, He went forth from the Temple, and healed the blind, mitigating their rage by His absence, and by working the miracle softening their hardness and cruelty, and establishing His assertions. And He works a miracle which was no common one, but one which took place then for the first time. “Since the world began,” says he who was healed, “was it not heard that any man opened the eyes of one that was born blind.” John 9:32 Some have, perhaps, opened the eyes of the blind, but of one born blind never. And that on going out of the Temple, He proceeded intentionally to the work, is clear from this; it was He who saw the blind man, not the blind man who came to Him; and so earnestly did He look upon him, that even His disciples perceived it. From this, at least, they came to question Him; for when they saw Him earnestly regarding the man, they asked Him, saying, “Who did sin, this man, or his parents?” A mistaken question, for how could he sin before he was born? And how, if his parents had sinned, would he have been punished? Whence then came they to put this question? Before, when He healed the paralytic, He said, “Behold, you are made whole, sin no more.” John 5:14 They therefore, having understood that he was palsied on account of sin, said, “Well, that other was palsied because of his sins; but concerning this man, what wouldest Thou say? Has he sinned? It is not possible to say so, for he is blind from his birth. Have his parents sinned? Neither can one say this, for the child suffers not punishment for the father.” As therefore when we see a child evil entreated, we exclaim, “What can one say of this? What has the child done?” not as asking a question, but as being perplexed, so the disciples spoke here, not so much asking for information, as being in perplexity. What then says Christ?
John 9:3
“Neither has this man sinned, nor his parents.”
This He says not as acquitting them of sins, for He says not simply, “Neither has this man sinned, nor his parents,” but adds, “that he should have been born blind — but that the Son of God should be glorified in him.” “For both this man has sinned and his parents, but his blindness proceeds not from that.” And this He said, not signifying that though this man indeed was not in such case, yet that others had been made blind from such a cause, the sins of their parents, since it cannot be that when one sins another should be punished. For if we allow this, we must also allow that he sinned before his birth. As therefore when He declared, “neither has this man sinned,” He said not that it is possible to sin from one’s very birth, and be punished for it; so when He said, “nor his parents,” He said not that one may be punished for his parents’ sake. This supposition He re moves by the mouth of Ezekiel; “As I live says the Lord, this proverb shall not be, that is used, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.” Ezekiel 18:3 And Moses says, “The father shall not die for the child, neither shall the child die for the father.” Deuteronomy 24:16 And of a certain king Scripture says, that for this very reason he did not this thing, observing the law of Moses. But if any one argue, “How then is it said, ‘Who visits the sins of the parents upon the children unto the third and fourth generation’?” Deuteronomy 5:9; we should make this answer, that the assertion is not universal, but that it is spoken with reference to certain who came out of Egypt. And its meaning is of this kind; “Since these who have come out of Egypt, after signs and wonders, have become worse than their forefathers who saw none of these things, they shall suffer,” It says, “the same that those others suffered, since they have dared the same crimes.” And that it was spoken of those men, any one who will give attention to the passage will more certainly know. Wherefore then was he born blind?
“That the glory of God should be made manifest,” He says.
Lo, here again is another difficulty, if without this man’s punishment, it was not possible that the glory of God should be shown. Certainly it is not said that it was impossible, for it was possible, but, “that it might be manifested even in this man.” “What,” says some one, “did he suffer wrong for the glory of God?” What wrong, tell me? For what if God had never willed to produce him at all? But I assert that he even received benefit from his blindness: since he recovered the sight of the eyes within. What were the Jews profited by their eyes? They incurred the heavier punishment, being blinded even while they saw. And what injury had this man by his blindness? For by means of it he recovered sight. As then the evils of the present life are not evils, so neither are the good things good; sin alone is an evil, but blindness is not an evil. And He who had brought this man from not being into being, had also power to leave him as he was.
2. But some say, that this conjunction is not at all expressive of cause, but relates to the consequence of the miracle; as when He says, “For judgment I have come into this world, that they which see not might see, and that they which see might be made blind” John 9:39; and yet it was not for this He came, that those who saw might be made blind. And again Paul, “Because that which may be known of God is manifested in them, that they may be without excuse” Romans 1:19-20; yet He showed it not unto them for this, that they might be deprived of excuse, but that they might obtain excuse. And again in another place, “The Law entered, that the offense might abound” Romans 5:20; yet it was not for this that it entered, but that sin might be checked. Do you see everywhere that the conjunction relates to the consequence? For as some excellent architect may build part of a house, and leave the rest unfinished, so that to those who believe not he may prove, by means of that remnant, that he is author of the whole; so also God joins together and completes our body, as it were a house decayed, healing the withered hand, bracing the palsied limbs, straightening the lame, cleansing the lepers, raising up the sick, making sound the crippled, recalling the dead from death, opening the eyes that were closed, or adding them where before they were not; all which things, being blemishes arising from the infirmity of our nature, He by correcting showed His power.
But when He said, “That the glory of God might be manifested,” He spoke of Himself, not of the Father; His glory was already manifest. For since they had heard that God made man, taking the dust of the earth, so also Christ made clay. To have said,
“I am He who took the dust of the earth, and made man,” would have seemed a hard thing to His hearers; but this when shown by actual working, no longer stood in their way. So that He by taking earth, and mixing it with spittle, showed forth His hidden glory; for no small glory was it that He should be deemed the Architect of the creation.
And after this the rest also followed; from the part, the whole was proved, since the belief of the greater also confirmed the less. For man is more honorable than any created thing, and of our members the most honorable is the eye. This is the cause that He fashioned the eyes, not in a common manner, but in the way that He did. For though that member be small in size, yet it is more necessary than any part of the body. And this Paul showed when he said, “If the ear shall say, Because I am not the eye, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body?” 1 Corinthians 12:16 For all indeed that is in us is a manifestation of the wisdom of God, but much more the eye; this it is that guides the whole body, this gives beauty to it all, this adorns the countenance, this is the light of all the limbs. What the sun is in the world, that the eye is in the body; quench the sun, and you destroy and confound all things; quench the eyes, and the feet, the hands, the soul, are useless. When these are disabled, even knowledge is gone, since by means of these we know God. “For the invisible things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are made.” Romans 1:20 Wherefore the eye is not only a light to the body, but beyond the body to the soul also. On which account it is established as in a royal fortress, obtaining the higher condition, and presiding over the other senses. This then Christ forms.
And that you may not deem that He needs matter when He works, and that you may learn that He had not need at all of clay, (for He who brought into being the greater existences when as yet they were not, would much more have made this without matter,) that I say you may learn that He did not this through necessity, but to show that He was the Creator at the beginning, when He had spread on the clay He says, “Go, wash,” “that you may know that I need not clay to create eyes, but that My glory may be manifested hereby.” For to show that He spoke of Himself when He said, “That the glory of God may be manifested,” He added,
John 9:4
“I must work the works of Him that sent Me.”
That is, “I must manifest Myself, and do the things which may show that I do the same things with the Father”; not things “similar,” but, “the same,” an expression which marks greater unvaryingness, and which is used of those who do not differ ever so little. Who then after this will face Him, when he sees that He has the same power with the Father? For not only did He form or open eyes, but gave also the gift of sight, which is a proof that He also breathed in the soul. Since if that did not work, the eye, though perfected, could never see anything; so that He gave both the energy which is from the soul, and gave the member also possessing all things, both arteries and nerves and veins, and all things of which our body is composed.
“I must work while it is day.”
What mean these words? To what conclusion do they lead? To an important one. For what He says is of this kind. “While it is day, while men may believe in Me, while this life lasts, I must work.”
“The night comes,” that is, futurity, “when no man can work.”
He said not, “when I cannot work,” but, “when no man can work”: that is, when there is no longer faith, nor labors, nor repentance. For to show that He calls faith, a “work,” when they say unto Him, “What shall we do, that we might work the works of God?” John 6:28, He replies, “This is the work of God, that you believe in Him whom He has sent.” How then can no man work this work in the future world? Because there faith is not, but all, willingly, or unwillingly, will submit. For lest any one should say that He acted as He did from desire of honor, He shows that He did all to spare them who had power to believe “here” only, but who could no longer “there” gain any good thing. On this account, though the blind man came not to Him, He did what He did: for that the man was worthy to be healed, that had he seen he would have believed and come to Christ, that had he heard from any that He was present, he would not even so have been neglectful, is clear from what follows, from his courage, from his very faith. For it was likely that he would have considered with himself, and have said, “What is this? He made clay, and anointed my eyes, and said to me, ‘Go, wash;’ could he not have healed me, and then have sent me to Siloam? Often have I washed there with many others, and have gained no good; had he possessed any power, he would while present have healed me.” Just as Naaman spoke respecting Elisha; for he too being commanded to go wash in Jordan, believed not, and this too when there was such a fame abroad concerning Elisha. 2 Kings 5:11 But the blind man neither disbelieved, nor contradicted, nor reasoned with himself, “What is this? Ought he to have put on clay? This is rather to blind one the more: who ever recovered sight so?” But he used no such reasonings. Do you see his steadfast faith and zeal?
“The night comes.” Next He shows, that even after the Crucifixion He would care for the ungodly, and bring many to Himself. For “it is yet day.” But after that, He entirely cuts them off, and declaring this, He says,
John 9:5
“As long as I am in the world, I am the Light of the world.”
3. As also He said to others, “Believe while the light is with you.” John 12:36 Wherefore then did Paul call this life “night” and that other “day”? Not opposing Christ, but saying the same thing, if not in words yet in sense; for he also says, “The night is far spent, the day is at hand.” Romans 13:12 The present time he calls “night,” because of those who sit in darkness, or because he compares it with that day which is to come, Christ calls the future “night,” because there sin has no power to work; but Paul calls the present life night, because they are in darkness who continue in wickedness and unbelief. Addressing himself then to the faithful he said, “The night is far spent, the day is at hand,” since they should enjoy that light; and he calls the old life night. “Let us put away,” he says, “the works of darkness.” Do you see that he tells them that it is “night”? Wherefore he says, “Let us walk honestly as in the day,” that we may enjoy that light. For if this light be so good, consider what that will be; as much as the sunlight is brighter than the flame of a candle, so much and far more is that light better than this. And signifying this, Christ says, that “the sun shall be darkened.” Because of the excess of that brightness, not even the sun shall be seen.
If now in order to have here well-lighted and airy houses, we expend immense sums, building and toiling, consider how we ought to spend our very bodies themselves, that glorious houses may be built for us in the heavens where is that Light ineffable. Here there are strifes and contentions about boundaries and walls, but there will be nothing of the kind there, no envy, no malice, no one will dispute with us about settling boundaries. This dwelling too we assuredly needs must leave, but that abides with us forever; this must decay by time, and be exposed to innumerable injuries, but that must remain without growing old perpetually; this a poor
man cannot build, but that other one may build with two mites, as did the widow. Wherefore I choke with grief, that when so many blessings are laid before us, we are slothful, and despise them; we use every exertion to have splendid houses here, but how to gain in heaven so much as a little resting-place, we care not, we think not. For tell me, where would you have your dwelling here? In the wilderness, or in one of the smaller cities? I think not; but in some of the most royal and grand cities, where the traffic is more, where the splendor is greater. But I will lead you into such a City, whose Builder and Maker is God; there I exhort you to found and build, at less cost [with less labor ]. That house the hands of the poor build, and it is most truly “building,” just as the structures made here are the work of extreme folly. For if a man were to bring you into the land of Persia, to behold what is there and to return, and were then to bid you build houses there, would you not condemn him for excessive folly, as bidding you spend unseasonably? How then do you this very same thing upon the earth which you shall shortly leave? “But I shall leave it to my children,” says some one. Yet they too shall leave it soon after you; nay, often even before you; and their successors the same. And even here it is a subject of melancholy to you that you see not your heirs retain their possessions, but there you need apprehend nothing of the sort; the possession remains immovable, to you, to your children, and to their descendants, if they imitate the same goodness. That building Christ takes in hand, he who builds that needs not to appoint care-takers, nor be thoughtful, nor anxious; for when God has undertaken the work, what need of thought? He brings all things together, and raises the house. Nor is this the only thing wonderful, but also that He so builds it as is pleasing to you, or rather even beyond what is pleasing, beyond what you desire, for He is the most excellent Artist, and cares greatly for your advantage. If you are poor, and desirest to build this house, it brings you no envy, produces against you no malice, for none of those who know how to envy behold it, but the Angels who know how to rejoice at your blessings; none will be able to encroach upon it, for none dwell near it of those who are diseased with such passions. For neighbors you have there the saints, Peter and Paul with their company, all the Prophets, the Martyrs, the multitude of Angels, of Archangels. For the sake then of all these things, let us empty our substance upon the poor, that we may obtain those tabernacles; which may we all obtain through the grace and lovingkindness of our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom and with whom to the Father and the Holy Ghost be glory, now and ever and world without end. Amen.
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[1] The Fourth Sunday of Lent is called the «Sunday of Joy» = Laetare (Rejoice ), which is the first word of the Introit (entrance antiphon) of today’s Mass, the text of which is taken from Isaiah 66, 10 and 11 «Rejoice with Jerusalem, and all you who love her. Exult and rejoice you who mourned over her so that you may be satisfied from her consoling breasts! “This Sunday has a «twin sister» on the third Sunday of Advent, which begins with the word «Gaudete» (Rejoice).
