the country is sharply divided Photo: Reporteros MX

What Is the Difference Between the Holy See, Vatican City, and the Roman Curia? Cardinal Ghirlanda Explains

Cardinal Gianfranco Ghirlanda, Jesuit, Canonist, and Professor Emeritus of the Pontifical Gregorian University, former Rector of the Athenaeum, and Consultant to numerous Vatican Dicasteries, offers a detailed and in-depth reflection on the meaning of three closely related yet distinct terms in their scope and legal and even diplomatic definition.

Liverpool’s Modernist Crown Jewel Secures Grade I Listing as a Landmark of Postwar Faith and Vision

Constructed between 1962 and 1967 atop the vast crypt envisioned by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the 1930s, the cathedral was a bold response to both modernist aesthetics and Vatican II’s call for renewed liturgical participation. Architect Sir Frederick Gibberd’s circular, centralized plan broke decisively from the axial layouts of European cathedrals, making Liverpool’s Catholic cathedral one of the most progressive sacred spaces of its time.